Vulnerability

CVE-2023-41991

Medium· 5.5KEVCVSS5.5EPSS4%

.rules3/5

Apple Multiple Products Improper Certificate Validation Vulnerability

Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and watchOS contain an improper certificate validation vulnerability that can allow a malicious app to bypass signature validation.

Threat signal

66/100

Elevated

Severity

medium

CVSS

5.5

EPSS

Active

KEV

CISA KEV — actively exploited

971d overdue

AffectedApple — Multiple Products

Added to KEV

2023-09-25

Federal patch due (BOD 22-01)

2023-10-16

Required action (CISA verbatim)

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Vendor advisory + references

CISA description: “Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and watchOS contain an improper certificate validation vulnerability that can allow a malicious app to bypass signature validation.”

CVSS

v3.1Open in FIRST calculator →

5.5/ 10MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Attack VectorLocalRequires local access — shell, console, or local app.
Attack ComplexityLowNo special conditions — exploit works reliably.
Privileges RequiredNoneUnauthenticated — no credentials needed.
User InteractionRequiredRequires user action (click, file open, etc).
ScopeUnchangedImpact contained to the vulnerable component.
Confidentiality ImpactNoneNo confidentiality impact.
Integrity ImpactHighTotal compromise of integrity — full data modification possible.
Availability ImpactNoneNo availability impact.

EPSS

Exploit prediction · 30-day horizonFIRST.org →

3.90%

probability of exploitation in next 30 days

p89

higher than 89% of all CVEs

3-day trend↑ 0pp

Mid-pack — moderate exploitation likelihood.

Vendor VEX

No VEX statements published for CVE-2023-41991. Vendors publish VEX (Vulnerability Exploitability eXchange) to assert per-product whether a CVE is actually exploitable in their distribution.

SSVCAttend

Active exploitation with limited impact — coordinate patching

exploitation: active
automatable: no
impact: partial
mission: support

Lifecycle

2023-09-25Added to CISA KEVransomware: Unknown
2023-09-25Published
2023-10-16Federal patch due (BOD 22-01)
2026-06-12Last modified1 source

No source-event history recorded yet. New revisions will appear here as ingestors re-fetch this CVE.